The lack of green spaces available for development purposes has meant that brownfield sites have become increasingly popular in recent years, especially in places where demand for residential and commercial property is strong.
A brownfield site is defined as ‘previously developed land’ that has the potential for being redeveloped. It is often (but not always) land that has been used for industrial or commercial purposes and is now derelict and possibly contaminated. Brownfield sites are considered for redevelopment of not only housing and commercial buildings, but also as open spaces for recreation, conservation, woodland and other community areas.
A small brownfield site is one that is considered suitable for 50 homes or less.
Particular challenges
Small brownfield sites can present particular challenges to landholders, developers, planners, builders and associated stakeholders. Special licenses and permits are required to reclaim brownfield sites and strict environmental regulations can be prohibitive for some developers.
Development of brownfield sites can be hindered by derelict structures, below-ground obstructions or voids, land contamination, poor ground, archaeological features and buried services because the sites have been used previously.
“If managed and developed effectively, brownfield sites can provide affordable housing, create opportunities for employment, promote conservation and wildlife, and offer a shared environment for recreation and leisure.”
Small sites
Small sites can have difficulties with access, and space for storage of materials, vehicles and plant. They can be particularly vulnerable to programme delays and unforeseen technical and engineering issues, which can threaten the viability of the project. However, small sites can be developed relatively quickly if they are well planned and managed. A quicker return on investment can be achieved, particularly when compared with large brownfield sites. Significant infrastructure development is often not needed to support a small site.
Environmental risk assessment
All brownfield sites need to undergo a comprehensive environmental risk assessment before they can be redeveloped. This involves analysis of the soil, groundwater and surface water through testing for hazardous compounds. It also ensures that appropriate measures are taken to reduce identified risks and liabilities.
Expensive and complex remediation
The remediation of a brownfield site is the removal of all known contaminants to levels considered safe for human health. Redevelopment can only take place after all environmental health risks have been assessed and safely removed. Remediation can be an expensive and complex process, and this should be seriously considered before purchasing a brownfield site. Not all sites are deemed suitable for remediation, particularly if the costs exceed the value of the land after development.
Sustainable redevelopment
The reclamation and reuse of brownfield sites is a core component of the UK Sustainable Development Strategy which includes a wide range of economic, social and environmental objectives. Brownfield redevelopment helps to remove environmental health hazards and blights, and can also be a stimulant for community regeneration.
If managed and developed effectively, brownfield sites can provide affordable housing, create opportunities for employment, promote conservation and wildlife, and offer a shared environment for recreation and leisure.
